Before its official founding in the early 18th century, the area around Sangrur was part of a region with deep history, despite being less documented in comparison to neighbouring cities. The land was traditionally under the influence of various dynasties and kingdoms that ruled over northern India, including the Mauryas, Kushans, and later the Guptas, who contributed to the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in the region. Sangrur was also situated along trade routes connecting the northwestern regions of the subcontinent to central India, facilitating cultural exchanges and local economic activity.

By the medieval period, the region came under the control of the Delhi Sultanate and subsequently the Mughal Empire, though its importance remained largely agricultural. The establishment of smaller forts and settlements laid the groundwork for the city that would emerge under Sikh rule in the 18th century.

The city was founded in the early 18th century by Raja Sangat Singh - from whom it derives its name. Initially it was a small settlement, but Sangrur grew under the leadership of the rulers of the Jind State, - a Sikh princely state established by Raja Gajpat Singh (a decendent of the Phulkian dynasty - the same dynasty that ruled the phulkian misl). Under the Phulkian rulers, Sangrur became an important administrative center for the Jind State.

In the late 18th century, Sangrur rose to prominence, particularly under Raja Bhag Singh and his descendants’ rule. Although the Jind State was geographically smaller than neighbouring states like Patiala, it maintained a distinct identity. Sangrur’s rulers formed strategic alliances, like their close relations with the British East India Company, which helped the region retain its autonomy even as the larger Sikh Empire in central Punjab resisted British expansion. Sangrur was fortified during this time, with the construction of palaces and forts that played a defensive role against external threats, including attacks from Afghan and Maratha forces.

During the British Raj in the 19th century, the rulers of Sangrur remained loyal to the British, particularly during the Anglo-Sikh Wars and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This allegiance earned them a high degree of autonomy and prestige. While the princely state of Sangrur was not large, its rulers were granted considerable independence by the British Raj, which allowed them to modernise their territory. Infrastructure projects, such as the development of roads and irrigation systems, helped improve the region’s economy.

Sangrur’s economy in the 19th and early 20th centuries was heavily reliant on agriculture, much like the rest of Punjab. The fertile plains surrounding the city supported the cultivation of wheat, rice, and other cash crops. The rulers of Sangrur encouraged agricultural development, and their policies ensured that the state was economically stable. Additionally, the region became known for its craftsmen, who produced high-quality textiles and traditional Punjabi clothing, further contributing to the local economy.

Despite the loyalty of Sangrur’s royal family to the British, nationalist sentiments grew in the city during the early 20th century. Several residents, students, and intellectuals from Sangrur were actively involved in the Indian independence movement. Following Partition in 1947, Sangrur experienced significant demographic changes, with an influx of refugees from West Punjab, now part of Pakistan. The resettlement of these refugees brought new industries and skills to the region, further diversifying Sangrur’s economy.

After India’s independence, Sangrur became part of the Indian Union, and its princely status was officially abolished in 1948. The city became part of the newly reorganized Indian state of Punjab. After independence, Sangrur continued to grow as an agricultural center, but it also saw the establishment of small-scale industries, particularly in the production of textiles and agricultural machinery, which contributed to the city’s development.

Sangrur retains deep connections to its royal past, with historical sites such as the Banasar Bagh and Sangrur Fort standing as testaments to its regal heritage. The city’s cultural traditions, including its association with Punjabi folk music and dance, are still celebrated today. Sangrur is also known for its traditional clothing styles, particularly the Punjabi jutti - footwear, which continues to be a popular craft among local artisans.

Until our paths cross in Mansa - Trish Saab