LUDHIANA

The current largest Indian Punjabi city, Ludhiana has played a pivotal role in the history and development of the region. The city was founded in 1481 during the reign of the Lodi dynasty by Lodhi princes - from whom the city derives its name Lodhi-ana. It was a key military outpost and administrative centre under the Lodi rulers. Its strategic location along the Sutlej River made it an important center for trade and defense.

Ludhiana’s significance grew under the rule of the Mughals, who built upon its military importance and contributed to its cultural development. During this time, the city became known for its markets, where merchants would trade textiles, spices, and other goods. Ludhiana’s early growth was increased greatly by it’s strategic position along trade routes, which attracted people from across North India, and established a multicultural identity.

In the 1700s, with the rise of the Sikh Confederacy, Ludhiana came under the control of the Nishanwalia Misl who fortified the city. It had become a site of frequent clashes with neighboring powers, including the Afghans. Despite the turbulent political landscape, Ludhiana continued to grow as a regional center, with increasing importance to Sikh leaders who viewed it as a strategic bastion.

During the late 18th Century, Ludhiana became part of the Sikh Empire. Albeit not as central as Amritsar or Lahore, Ludhiana played an important role in the empire's military and administrative network. The city grew steadily, with its economy benefiting from increased agricultural production and artisanal industries, especially textile manufacturing.

Following the fall of the Sikh Empire after the Anglo-Sikh Wars, Ludhiana came under British rule in 1846. The British recognised the city’s strategic value and established a major cantonment, making it an important military base. Under British administration, the city saw great development in infrastructure, including roads, railways, and educational institutions.

Ludhiana played a key role during India’s struggle for independence. The city was a hotbed of nationalist activity, with many residents participating in the freedom movement. Its proximity to major trade and industrial centers allowed Ludhiana to become a hub for political organizing and activism.

The Partition of 1947 dramatically altered Ludhiana’s demographic landscape. An influx of refugees from the newly formed Pakistan led to Ludhiana experiencing rapid population growth and urbanisation. Many of these refugees, skilled in crafts and trade, played a crucial role in transforming the city into an industrial powerhouse. The city’s textile and hosiery industries flourished, and Ludhiana emerged as a major center for manufacturing, particularly for woolen and cotton garments.

Today, Ludhiana has over 1.9 million residents, and it remains an industrial and economic powerhouse. It is often referred to as the Industrial Hub of Punjab due to its dominance in textile production, particularly hosiery. In addition to textiles, Ludhiana is a centre for bicycle manufacturing, with several major brands based in the city, contributing significantly to India's exports.

Ludhiana also retains a strong connection to its agricultural roots. The surrounding region is one of the most fertile areas in India, and the city plays a key role in supporting agricultural mechanisation through its production of agricultural machinery. Ludhiana’s economy is further diversified by its growing education and healthcare sectors.

The city has withstood the challenges of history, from colonialism to Partition, and emerged stronger each time. Today, it stands as a testament to the entrepreneurial energy and hard work of its people, while continuing to honor its cultural heritage and deep ties to Punjab’s agricultural heartland.

Until our paths cross in Patiala - Trish Saab